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Copy-ready Python snippets by topic and difficulty — short, focused, and runnable in the browser editor.
Convert All Markdown Files in a Folder to HTML in Python
Batch convert every .md file in a folder to .html using the `markdown` library with the 'extra' extensions.
import os
import markdown
from pathlib import Path
def convert_md_folder_to_html(input_folder="markdown_files", output_folder="html_pages"):
input_path = Path(input_folder)
output_path = Path(output_folder)
output_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
for md_file in input_path.glob("*.md"):
with open…Find Duplicate Web Pages by Content Similarity in Python
Compute SHA-256 hashes of file contents to detect and report duplicate HTML pages or any files in a directory.
import hashlib
import os
from collections import defaultdict
def get_file_hash(filepath):
"""Compute SHA-256 hash of file contents."""
sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b''):
sha256.update(chunk)
return sha256.hexdiges…How to Find HTML Elements by Tag, Class, ID, CSS Selector, and Attribute in BeautifulSoup
Parse an HTML string with BeautifulSoup and demonstrate five distinct ways to locate elements: by tag name, by class, by ID, by CSS selector, and by attribute.
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_content = """
<html><body>
<h1 id="title" class="heading">Hello World</h1>
<p class="content">First paragraph</p>
<p class="content special">Second paragraph</p>
<a href="https://example.com" class="link">Click here</a>
<div id="footer">
<p>© 2024</p>
…How to Scrape Headlines from a News Website Using Beautiful Soup in Python
Scrape headline text from a news website using requests and Beautiful Soup with a CSS selector.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def scrape_headlines(url: str, selector: str) -> list:
"""
Scrape headlines from a news website using Beautiful Soup.
Args:
url: The URL of the news website.
selector: CSS selector for headline elements.
Returns:
List of h…Scrape HTML Tables and Convert Them to CSV Using Beautiful Soup in Python
Scrape a Wikipedia table with Beautiful Soup and write the data to a CSV file using the csv module.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
tables = soup.find_all('table', {'class': 'wikitable'})
if tables:
target_table = tables[2]
rows =…Build a Complete Website Sitemap Generator Without External Services
Crawl a website recursively using only Python's standard library to generate a structured sitemap of internal links.
import json
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin
from collections import deque
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
import re
from html.parser import HTMLParser
class SitemapParser(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self, base_url):
super().__init__()
self.base_url = base_url
self.links …Build a Python Tool to Find All API Endpoints on a Website
A Python script that crawls a website, searches for common API endpoint patterns in HTML and JavaScript, and returns all discovered public API URLs.
import re
import requests
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from collections import deque
def find_api_endpoints(base_url, max_pages=10):
visited = set()
queue = deque([base_url])
api_endpoints = set()
api_patterns = [
r'/api/[a-zA-Z0-9_/-]+',
r'/v[0-9]+/[a-zA-Z0-9_/-]+',…Build a Website Accessibility Scanner Using Python
Scans a webpage for common accessibility issues like missing alt text, headings, labels, and landmarks using only Python.
import requests
from urllib.parse import urljoin
from html.parser import HTMLParser
import re
class AccessibilityParser(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.images_without_alt = []
self.missing_headings = True
self.has_main_tag = False
self.label_for_inp…Convert HTML Tables to Excel Reports in Python
Convert HTML tables into formatted Excel reports using BeautifulSoup and Pandas with auto-adjusted column widths.
import pandas as pd
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pathlib import Path
def html_table_to_excel(html_file: str, excel_file: str) -> None:
"""Convert HTML table to formatted Excel report."""
with open(html_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
html_content = f.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_…Create a Python Script That Detects Website Technology Stack Automatically
This script sends an HTTP request to a URL and inspects headers and HTML content to identify technologies like servers, frameworks, and JavaScript libraries.
import requests
from re import search
def detect_tech_stack(url):
tech_stack = []
try:
response = requests.get(url, timeout=5, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'})
headers = response.headers
html = response.text.lower() if response.text else ''
# Check server header
…Discover RSS Feeds From Any Website in Python
Scrape a website's HTML to automatically find all linked RSS or Atom feed URLs using requests, BeautifulSoup, and regex.
import requests
import re
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def discover_rss_feeds(url):
"""Discover all RSS/Atom feeds linked from a given website."""
try:
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; RSSDiscovery/1.0)'}
response = requests.get(url…Extract Every Open Graph and Social Media Meta Tag from Web Pages in Python
A Python script that fetches a webpage and extracts all Open Graph, Twitter Card, Facebook, and Article meta tags using the standard library HTML parser.
from html.parser import HTMLParser
import re
from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlparse
class MetaExtractor(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.meta_tags = []
def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
if tag == 'meta':
attrs_…How to Detect Unused Images in a Project with Python
A Python script that scans a website project folder, identifies all image files, and checks HTML/CSS/JS files to find which images are never referenced.
import os
import re
from pathlib import Path
def find_unused_images(project_path):
image_exts = {'.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.gif', '.svg', '.webp'}
used_images = set()
all_images = set()
# Find all image files
for root, _, files in os.walk(project_path):
for file in files:
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Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
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- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.